DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) encodes the genetic information required for all life to exist, ranging from primitive bacteria all the way through to mankind itself. In addition to providing the vital recipe for each and every protein made by every living cell (each parcel of information is called a gene and they often exist in different varieties), this information is passed on from one generation to the next when living organisms reproduce. Sexual reproduction ensures that offspring inherit DNA encoded information from both parents. The study of how this occurs and can sometimes go wrong is often referred to as Genetics.

Because offspring always inherit different combinations of genes from each parent, the result is that they are born with a unique set of genes. Their DNA can be viewed as being a completely personalised bar-code that when read, singles them out from every other individual, even including their own brothers and sisters.

The ability to examine DNA and provide a DNA fingerprint has revolutionised forensic testing. In addition to helping solve criminal cases, this technology can be used to establish parentage (e.g. paternity testing) or categorical assignment of identity.

Theft of expensive and cherished pets is now becoming commonplace and DNA can be used to confirm identity of recovered animals or pursue insurance claims relating to pets that have suffered accidents.

Tattooing and inserting microchips are not infallible means of protecting your pet's identity as they can be removed or obliterated. Registering and storing a DNA reference sample is the only way of completely securing your pet's identity.